Fundamentals of Computer Architecture

• What gives life to this laptop?
• It's the electricity!
• use the power button
• the zero is for off, the one is for on
• Binary was chosen for the two states
• on and off
• 0 is called a bit
• 1 is called a bit
• 8 bits make up 1 byte
• the unit of computer memory is a byte
• Every symbol on this keyboard is called a Character
• letters a-z, numbers, shift, space, special symbols
• Example: A = 0100 1100 (not true, just an example)
• see, it's 8 bits!
• It goes through pulses of electricity
• every 1 says go, every 0 says no
• Every symbol has its own pulse
• When you press a key on the keyboard, electricity moves from the key in patterns
• If you press one key down wrong, it doesn't work
• Programming Languages are a little bit like English
• Java, C, C++, Python
• { Begin } End
• Computers need to process information
• like we use translators to translate from english to other languages, computers use their translator to translate from code to binary
• Compiler
• It goes through the source code and points out any errors and when the entire source code is correct, it will convert into zeros and one
• Machine Language
• interpreter
• It goes through the source code and points out any errors and when the entire source code is correct, it will convert it line by line, statement by statement
• Source Code ---> Compiler or Interpreter ---> Object Code
• HLL (High Level Languages)
• like Java, C++, Python
• Binary Code/Lang
• machine code/Lang
• Lang = Language
• Systems Program
• Driver Program
• Connection between the printer and the computer
• Application Program
• Hospital Management System
• Banking System